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​On the Reality, Mythology, and Fantasies of Unicorns: Bibliography

Bibliography
 
While many of the works I used in my research are available in print, they are even more readily available on the internet.  Where I used a print source that is also available via URL, I will list the URL, as some of these sources are hard to find in libraries.
 
Albenda, Pauline.
”The "Queen of the Night" Plaque: A Revisit” Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 125, No. 2 (Apr. - Jun., 2005), pp. 171-190 https://www.jstor.org/stable/20064325
 
Aelian. Scholfield, A. F. Translator. On the Nature of Animals. http://www.attalus.org/translate/animals4.html#52 1958
 
Aristotle, The History of Animals. Translated by D’Arcy Wentworth Thompson. http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/history_anim.2.ii.html
 
Arun, Joan. Editor.  Art of the First Cities. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2003
 
Aruz, Joan, “Reflections on Fantastic Beasts of the Hrappan World.” Walking with the Unicorn, Archaeopress, Oxford. 2018 pages 26-32.
 
Bacci, Andrea L’Alicorno. https://www.classicistranieri.com/andrea-bacci-lalicorno-pdf.html I used the translation, found here: http://www.attalus.org/translate/animals4.html by A.F.Scholfield (1958) Paragraph 53
 
Beer, Rüdiger Robert. Unicorn Myth and Reality. James J. Kerry Inc. New York, 1977
 
Beneditti, Giocomo “Which Animal was the Unicorn of the Indus Seals?” New Indology. 2014. http://new-indology.blogspot.com/2014/03/which-animal-was-unicorn-of-indus-seals.html
 
Benedetti, Giacomo. “The Story of Ekaśṛṅga in the Mahāvastu with its parallels”. Journal of Asian Civilizations. Vol. 38 No. 1. July 2015 http://www.academia.edu/30448353/The_story_of_Eka%C5%9B%E1%B9%9B%E1%B9%85ga_in_the_Mah%C4%81vastu_with_its_parallels
 
 
Berlin, Adele and Brettler, Marc Zvi. Editors. The Jewish Study Bible. Jewish Publication Society. Tanakh Translation. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2004.
 
Betz, Hans Dieter. "Fragments from a Catabasis Ritual in a Greek Magical Papyrus", History of Religions 19,4 (May 1980):287-295
 
Black, Jeremy and Green, Anthony. Gods, Demons, and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia. University of Texas Press, Austin.  1992
 
Brown, Robert. The Unicorn, A Mythological Investigation. https://www.sacred-texts.com/etc/tu/index.htm
 
Bunt, C. (1930). The Lion and the Unicorn. Antiquity, 4(16), 425-437
 
 
Caesar, C.J. De Bello Gallico. Project Gutenberg; Everyman’s Library version, 1915 edition, translated by W.A. MacDevitt. http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/10657/pg10657-images.html
 
Caspers, E. C. L. During. “The Indus Valley 'Unicorn': A Near Eastern Connection?” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, vol. 34, no. 4, 1991, pp. 312–350. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3632455.
 
Cowie, Ashley. “Legends of the Unicorn Horn: cures, antidotes, and medicinal magic”. Ancient Origins. 2018. https://www.ancient-origins.net/myths-legends/magic-unicorn-horn-0010750
 
Curley, Michael, translator. Physiologus: A Medieval Book of Nature Lore. University of Chicago Press, 2009. https://books.google.com/books?id=I3tUyc7vVlAC&pg=PA51&lpg=PA51&dq=Physiologus+unicorn+online&source=bl&ots=pkxrxcH0Ck&sig=ACfU3U0geSfde2ESJ92h-6nVEmo3hPF7dQ&hl=en&ppis=_e&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi8_9bR1I7oAhXghXIEHX5dAQcQ6AEwBXoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=Physiologus%20unicorn%20online&f=false
 
 
Duerst, J. Ulrich (1899), Die rinder von babylonien, Assyrien und Ägypten und ihr zusammenhang mit den rindern der alten welt. Berlin, p. 9
 
Edwards, C.J.; Magee, D.A.; Park, S.D.E.; McGettigan, P.A.; Lohan, A.J.; et al. (2010). "A Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence from a Mesolithic Wild Aurochs (Bos primigenius)"". PLoS ONE. 5 (2): e9255. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9255E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009255. PMC 2822870. PMID 20174668
 
Elsafeed, Essam; Khalifa, Hoda. “A Comparative Study of Modified Animal Horns in Ancient Egypt and Modern African Tribes.” Geography, 2017.
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/aaa4/21ade601c150cfffd51a258c967c45d660f6.pdf
 
Elmer G. Suhr
Source: Folklore, Vol. 75, No. 2 (Summer, 1964), pp. 91-109
Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. on behalf of Folklore Enterprises, Ltd. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1258042
Accessed: 19-05-2020 01:52 UTC
 
Elsafeed, Essam; Khalifa, Hoda. “A Comparative Study of Modified Animal Horns in Ancient Egypt and Modern African Tribes.” Geography, 2017.
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/aaa4/21ade601c150cfffd51a258c967c45d660f6.pdf
 
Elsby, Liz, “The Wooden Synagogue of Chodorow” Yad Vashemhttps://www.yadvashem.org/articles/general/wooden-synagogue-of-chodorow.html
 
Encyclopedia of Prehistory, Springer, 2003 pages 179-190
 
Ettinghausen, Richard. The Unicorn: Studies in Muslim Iconography. Freer Gallery of Art. 1950  https://archive.org/details/unicorn00etti/mode/2up
 
Faculty of Oriental Studies. Gilgameš, Enkidu and the nether world, University of Oxford The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature. 2003
 
Fischer, Louis-Paul; Fischer Véronique Cossu Ferra. “La licorne et la corne de licorne chez les apothicaires et les Médecins”. Historie Des Sciences Medicales, Tome XLV No. 3. 2011.
https://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/sfhm/hsm/HSMx2011x045x003/HSMx2011x045x003x0265.pdf
 
Freeman, Margaret. The Unicorn Tapestries.  Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1976. https://books.google.com/books?id=ATbO6lv4LsMC&pg=PA57&lpg=PA57&dq=Chastity+and+the+unicorn&source=bl&ots=uBXofrGR-m&sig=ACfU3U0GACWxHcAojcfPy6YRsZAJFXYNQQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwix9Jmns8ngAhWis1kKHQNaBBo4FBDoATAHegQIARAB#v
 
Frenez, Dennys; Jamison, Gregg; Law, Randall; Vidale, Massimo; Measdow, Richard. Walking with the Unicorn, social organization and material culture in ancient south Asia. Archaeopress Publishing, Oxford.  2018
 
Gadd, C. J. “Seals of Ancient Indian Style Found at Ur.” Proceedings of the British Academy 18 (1932):191-210.
 
Giovino, Mariana. “The Assyrian Sacred Tree: A History of Interpretations”, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 128, No. 4 (Oct. - Dec., 2008), pp.757-758 https://www.jstor.org/stable/25608460
 
Gosse, P.H. Romance of Natural History: https://archive.org/details/romanceofnatural00goss_13
 
Grotte de Rouffignac
http://www.grottederouffignac.fr/index.php/en/10-fr-fr/16-collectionneurs
 
Hafford, William B. “Mesopotamian City Life” Expedition Vol. 60, Issue 1, 2018  https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/mesopotamian-city-life/
 
Hall, M. D. A Study of Sumerian Moon God Nanna/Suen. Phd thesis, University of Pennyslviania, 1985 http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8603645/
Peregrine, Peter, Ember, Melvin editors.
 
Haleem, Asia. “The Cannon of Ancient Near Eastern Art. Catalogues of Evidence.”  http://www.layish.co.uk/catalogue_e_1_art_history.pdf
 
Indicopleustes, Cosmas.  Christian Topography. Roger Pearse, Translator.  http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/cosmas_11_book11.htm
 
Jastrow, Morris. Aspects of Religious Belief and Practice in Babylonia and Assyria. G.P. Putnam’s Sons, New York. 1911.
https://archive.org/details/aspectsofreligio00jast/page/n207/mode/2up
 
Jastrow, Morris. Handbooks on the history of religions volume II, The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria. The Athenaeum Press, Boston. 1893.
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/20758/20758-h/20758-h.htm
 
Johnsgard, Paul and Karin.  A Natural History Dragons and Unicorns.  1982, St. Martins Press, New York
 
Kenoyer, Jonathan Mark. “Walking with the Unicorn”. Social Organization and Material Culture in Ancient South Asia, http://www.archaeopress.com/public/download.asp?id=%7BD0F0019C-6D8C-4F68-861F-CA8F11E32CD8%7D
 
Kenoyer, Jonathan Mark. “Iconography of the Indus Unicorn: Origins and Legacy.” Connections and Complexity, New Approaches to the Archaeology of South Asia. 2013
 
Kramer, Samuel Noah. Sumerian Mythology.  Harper and Brothers, New York 1961
 
Kramer, Samuel Noah. The Sumerians, their history, culture, and character. University of Chicago Press, 1963
 
Lavers, Chris.  The Natural History of Unicorns.  2009 Harper Collins Publishers, New York
 
Leibowitz, Rachel “Art History’s 8 Greatest Unicorns from Met Tapestries to Damien Hirst’s Taxidermy”. Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-art-historys-8-greatest-unicorns-met-tapestries-damien-hirsts-taxidermy
 
Liebenberg, W.A. A Historical Research of the Ten Tribes Scattered Into the Nations. Hebraic Roots Teaching Institute Gauteng – South Africa 2016
 
Parpola, Asko, “Unicorn Bull and Victory Parade.” Walking with the Unicorn, Archaeopress, Oxford. 2018 pages 433-442
 
Photius of Constantinople, Bibliotheca. http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/photius_03bibliotheca.htm
 
Place, Victor. Ninive et l’Assyrie (Tafeln) Paris, 1867
https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e2-f667-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99/book?parent=f1a4e960-c6d3-012f-b5b0-58d385a7bc34#page/1/mode/2up
 
Pliney, Natural History, Book 8 Chapter 31. I used the translation found here: http://artflsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/perseus/citequery3.pl?dbname=LatinSept18&getid=1&query=Plin.%20Nat.%208.31
 
Ray, Satyajit The Unicorn Expedition.  E.P. Dutton New York, 1987
 
Rightmire, G. Phillip, “Middle and Later Pleistocene hominins in Africa and Southwest Asia” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/106/38/16046.full.pdf
 
Rogers, John. “Origins of the ancient constellations.” British Astronomical Association, 1988. http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?bibcode=1998JBAA..108....9R&db_key=AST&page_ind=0&plate_select=NO&data_type=GIF&type=SCREEN_GIF&classic=YES
 
Schvyreva, A.K. “On the importance of the representatives of the genus Elasmotherium (Rhinocerotidae, Mamalia) in the biochronology of the Pleistocene of Eastern Europe.” Elsevier. May 16, 2015.
 
Shepard, Odell.  The Lore of the Unicorn. Harper Colophon Books, New York, 1956.  A copy of the text can be found here: http://www.sacred-texts.com/etc/lou/index.htm
 
Shurpin, Yehuda. https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/4298548/jewish/What-Was-the-Mysterious-Tachash.htm
 
Smith, George; Sayce, Archibald Henry. The Chaldean Account of Genesis. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/60559/60559-h/60559-h.htm
 
Staff. “Jesus and the Unicorn: Easter and the Harrowing of Hell in Coptic Magic”. Coptic Magical Papyri. 2019. http://www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de/index.php/2019/04/26/jesus-and-the-unicorn-easter-and-the-harrowing-of-hell-in-coptic-magic/
 
Swanson, Emily. “Harappan Civilization”, India and Southern Asia Chronology. 2020 http://www.thenagain.info/WebChron/India/Harappa.html
 
Suckling, Nigel. Unicorns. AAPPL Artists’ and Photographers’ Press, 2007
 
Sharples, Tiffany. “A Brief History of the Unicorn” Time. 2008 http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1814227,00.html
 
Sooke, Alastair. “Why We’ve Always Loved Unicorns”, Culture.
https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20181214-why-weve-always-loved-unicorns Dec. 17, 2018
 
Spense, Lewis. Myths and Legends of Babylonia and Assryia. George Harrap & Company, London. 1920.
https://archive.org/stream/mythslegendsofba00spenuoft/mythslegendsofba00spenuoft#page/230/mode/1up
 
Thompson, Gary. “Early Mesopotamian Constellations.” https://web.archive.org/web/20150907050519/http://members.westnet.com.au/Gary-David-Thompson/page11-4.html
&
https://web.archive.org/web/20121114124324/http://members.westnet.com.au/Gary-David-Thompson/page11-5.html
 
Throop, Pricilla. Translator. Hildegard von Bingen's Physica: The Complete English Translation of Her Classic Work on Health and Healing, Simon and Schuster, 1998
 
Vajracharya, Gautama. “Unicorns in Ancient India and Vedic Ritual”. Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies, Volume 17, Issue 2. 2010 https://doi.org/10.11588/ejvs.2010.2.322
 
West, E. W. Sacred Books of the East, Oxford University Press, 1897. http://www.avesta.org/mp/bundahis.html#chapter19
 
West, E. W. Sacred Books of the East, Oxford University Press, 1897. http://avesta.org/yasna/yasna.htm#y35 (chapter 42 is at the end of this section)
 
Wright Thomas, M.A., F.S.A. The History of Caricature and Grotesque in Literature and Art, Chatto and Windus, Piccadilly. 1875. https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_History_of_Caricature_and_Grotesque_in/Pos741KQFtcC?hl=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover
 
Wolkstein, Diane; Kramer, Samuel Noah. Inanna, Queen of Heaven and Earth. Harper and Row, New York. 1983
 
von Bunsen, Christian Karl Josias Freiherr; Birch, Samuel; Philo of Byblos. Egypt’s Place in Universal History. University of Michigan, 1848 https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/JpBJAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0
 
Von Der Osten, Hans Henning. “The Ancient Seals from the Near East in the Metropolitan Museum: Old and Middle Persian Seals.” The Art Bulletin, vol. 13, no. 2, 1931, pp. 221–241. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3050798. Accessed 18 June 2020.
 
Woolley, Leonard. Ur. Penguin Books LTD, New York, 1946
 
Zhegallo, V.; Kalandadze, N.; Shapovalov, A.; Bessudnova, Z.; Noskova, N.; Tesakova, E. (2005). "On the fossil rhinoceros Elasmotherium (including the collections of the Russian Academy of Sciences)" http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/142/1429150376.pdf. Cranium. 22 (1): 17–40.
 
https://allnurseryrhymes.com/the-lion-and-the-unicorn/
 
https://www.heraldryandcrests.com/pages/heraldic-symbolism-a-z
 
 
 
 

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