A SULTINATE WHICH CALLED ITSELF ROMAN The Sultinate of Rum, or the Sultinate of the Romans, was a kingdom of Turkish tribes which had established themselves in much of Anatolia. The Sultinate was at a constant state of war with what was left of the Byzantine Empire, which it would have destroyed easily had it not been for the Mongol hordes which threatened its eastern borders much the way the turks had threatened the Byzantines but two centuries earlier.
Despite this state of constant warfare, a vibrant spiritual movement was forming in the Sultinate which would become the Sufi mystical tradition of Islam.